Meaning
Here citation means a verifiable link, source card, or explicit attribution visible to the user. A bare brand name is not the same as a citation.
Section sources:[1] Google Search Central[2] Google Gemini Help[3] Anthropic Support
Boundary
Systems expose sources differently: Google AI features, Gemini, and Claude document their own interfaces. Behavior in one system must not be generalized to another.
Section sources:[1] Google Search Central[2] Google Gemini Help[3] Anthropic Support
Example
An answer may name a study without a URL, link to the publisher page, or provide several links. These outcomes should be coded separately.
Measurement
Archive the prompt, mode, date, full answer, all links, and coding rule. Report both numerator and denominator for the panel.
Inference limit
A citation shows a displayed link, but does not prove an effect on ranking, retrieval, or referral.
What this does not prove
- This is an editorial definition; platform interfaces and rules change. Repeat the test, inspect coding errors, and match each claim to primary evidence before publication.
Sources
- 1Top ways to ensure your content performs well in Google's AI experiencesGoogle Search Central · official · 11 Sept 2026
- 2Find and verify sources in Gemini AppsGoogle Gemini Help · official · 11 Sept 2026
- 3Enabling and using web searchAnthropic Support · official · 11 Sept 2026
Correction history
No material corrections have been published.